Tomcat Web Server

01-05-2021

Tomcat Web Server

Tomcat The Tomcat server is the most widely used open source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language, and Java WebSocket technologies. Apache Tomcat software powers numerous large-scale, mission-critical web applications across a diverse range of industries and organizations. See full list on howtodoinjava.com. Apache Tomcat (called 'Tomcat' for short) is an open-source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and WebSocket technologies. Tomcat provides a 'pure Java' HTTP web server environment in which Java code can run. Open the Tomcat server.xml file using a text editor located on tomcat home directory. Here, navigate to Connector thread for which you wish to use the new Keystore file. Generally the connector with 443 or 883 port number is used. Apache Tomcat (called 'Tomcat' for short) is an open-source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and WebSocket technologies. Tomcat provides a 'pure Java' HTTP web server environment in which Java code can run.

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Selected Reading

By using Spring Boot application, we can create a war file to deploy into the web server. In this chapter, you are going to learn how to create a WAR file and deploy the Spring Boot application in Tomcat web server.

Spring Boot Servlet Initializer

The traditional way of deployment is making the Spring Boot Application @SpringBootApplication class extend the SpringBootServletInitializer class. Spring Boot Servlet Initializer class file allows you to configure the application when it is launched by using Servlet Container.

The code for Spring Boot Application class file for JAR file deployment is given below −

We need to extend the class SpringBootServletInitializer to support WAR file deployment. The code of Spring Boot Application class file is given below −

Setting Main Class

In Spring Boot, we need to mention the main class that should start in the build file. For this purpose, you can use the following pieces of code −

For Maven, add the start class in pom.xml properties as shown below −

For Gradle, add the main class name in build.gradle as shown below −

Update packaging JAR into WAR

We have to update the packaging JAR into WAR using the following pieces of code −

For Maven, add the packaging as WAR in pom.xml as shown below −

For Gradle, add the application plugin and war plugin in the build.gradle as shown below −

Now, let us write a simple Rest Endpoint to return the string “Hello World from Tomcat”. To write a Rest Endpoint, we need to add the Spring Boot web starter dependency into our build file.

For Maven, add the Spring Boot starter dependency in pom.xml using the code as shown below −

For Gradle, add the Spring Boot starter dependency in build.gradle using the code as shown below −

Now, write a simple Rest Endpoint in Spring Boot Application class file using the code as shown below −

Packaging your Application

Now, create a WAR file to deploy into the Tomcat server by using Maven and Gradle commands for packaging your application as given below −

For Maven, use the command mvn package for packaging your application. Then, the WAR file will be created and you can find it in the target directory as shown in the screenshots given below −

For Gradle, use the command gradle clean build for packaging your application. Then, your WAR file will be created and you can find it under build/libs directory. Observe the screenshots given here for a better understanding −

Deploy into Tomcat

Now, run the Tomcat Server, and deploy the WAR file under the webapps directory. Observe the screenshots shown here for a better understanding −

After successful deployment, hit the URL in your web browser http://localhost:8080/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/ and observe that the output will look as shown in the screenshot given below −

The full code for this purpose is given below.

pom.xml

build.gradle

The code for main Spring Boot application class file is given below −

Initial Checklist

Following process must be completed before you start SSL certificate installation process on your Tomcat server.

Buy/renew SSL Certificate
Generate CSR with SHA-2 algorithm
Save the CSR & Private key file on your server
Apply for SSL Certificate Issuance
Submit SSL Certificate issuance documents as per CA’s requirement (Only for Extended & Organization Validation)

Step 1: Download SSL Certificate Files

After verification of your submitted documents, your certificate authority will provide you SSL certificate file via email, download all certificate files and store it on your server directory. Or else you can download from the website where you’ve purchase SSL certificate.

Step 2: Install SSL certificate on Keystore

Note: You must install the SSL certificate file within the same Keystore and alias name which you’ve used during CSR generation process. Installation in wrong Keystore may not let you run the install command.

Now, to install SSL certificate into the Keystore use the following command

Once the command executed successfully a confirmation message will be displayed as “Certificate reply was installed in Keystore“.
It may ask you to trust the certificate, then you have to select Y or Yes.
Finally your Keystore file (website-name.jks) is ready to use in Tomcat web server.

Step 3: Configuration of SSL Connector

To configure SSL connector, you need to edit the Tomcat server.xml file.

Open the Tomcat server.xml file using a text editor located on tomcat home directory.
Here, navigate to Connector thread for which you wish to use the new Keystore file.
Generally the connector with 443 or 883 port number is used.
If the connector is commented (<!—Comment Tag –>), then you need remove the comment tag.
Now in the connector field, mention the Keystore and password correctly.
After entering Keystore & password, the connector will look like this

Save the Tomcat Server.xml file and Restart the server.

Installing SSL Certificate on Tomcat Web Server is now completed.

Comodo Positive SSL

RapidSSL Certificate